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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Definitionslücke</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p><b>Definitionslücke</b> ist ein Begriff in dem <a href="Teilgebiet_der_Mathematik" class="mw-redirect" title="Teilgebiet der Mathematik">mathematischen Teilgebiet</a> der <a href="Analysis" title="Analysis">Analysis</a>. Eine <a href="Funktion_(Mathematik)" title="Funktion (Mathematik)">Funktion</a> hat Definitionslücken, wenn <a href="Diskrete_Teilmenge" title="Diskrete Teilmenge">einzelne Punkte</a> aus ihrem <a href="Definitionsbereich" class="mw-redirect" title="Definitionsbereich">Definitionsbereich</a> ausgeschlossen sind.
</p><p>Üblicherweise geht es dabei um <a href="Reelle_Zahl" title="Reelle Zahl">reelle</a>, <a href="Stetige_Funktion" title="Stetige Funktion">stetige</a> bzw. <a href="Differenzierbarkeit" title="Differenzierbarkeit">differenzierbare</a> Funktionen. Die Definitionslücken sind die Stellen, an denen man durch null teilen müsste oder Ähnliches, beispielsweise bei <a href="Gebrochenrationale_Funktion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gebrochenrationale Funktion">gebrochenrationalen Funktionen</a>. Die Definitionslücken einer Funktion lassen sich klassifizieren und gegebenenfalls „reparieren“, so dass die Funktion dort mit den gewünschten Eigenschaften fortgesetzt werden kann. In diesem Fall ist die Funktion stetig fortsetzbar und hat <b>stetig hebbare Definitionslücken</b>.
</p><p>Insbesondere wenn eine Definitionslücke nicht stetig hebbar ist, zum Beispiel weil die Funktion dort gegen unendlich strebt oder sehr schnell oszilliert, wird die Lücke auch als <b>Singularität</b> bezeichnet, wobei der Sprachgebrauch in diesen Fällen nicht immer einheitlich ist. Oft werden Definitionslücke und Singularität als Synonyme verwendet.
</p><p>Bei <a href="Komplexwertige_Funktion" title="Komplexwertige Funktion">komplexwertigen Funktionen</a>, die in einer Umgebung einer Definitionslücke <a href="Holomorphe_Funktion" title="Holomorphe Funktion">holomorph</a> sind, spricht man von <a href="Isolierte_Singularit%C3%A4t" title="Isolierte Singularität">isolierten Singularitäten</a>. Dort ist die Klassifikation einfacher und es gelten weitreichende Aussagen, für die es keine Entsprechungen bei reellen Funktionen gibt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div>
<p>Sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I=[a,b]\subset \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>⊂<!-- ⊂ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I=[a,b]\subset \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1cad8a9865c17ed0c40a9e3f5eb3fe4a18df765e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.602ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I=[a,b]\subset \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span> ein <a href="Intervall_(Mathematik)" title="Intervall (Mathematik)">Intervall</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{0}\in \left]a,b\right[}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{0}\in \left]a,b\right[}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/419c74d302d73cc68905a5e90ab0f2be8484d399.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.78ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{0}\in \left]a,b\right[}" loading="lazy"></span> ein Punkt aus dem Inneren des Intervalls und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle O}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>O</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle O}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9d70e1d0d87e2ef1092ea1ffe2923d9933ff18fc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.773ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle O}" loading="lazy"></span> eine <a href="Obermenge" class="mw-redirect" title="Obermenge">Obermenge</a> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>I</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/535ea7fc4134a31cbe2251d9d3511374bc41be9f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.172ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I}" loading="lazy"></span>. Eine stetige Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon O\setminus \{x_{0}\}\to \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>O</mi>
<mo class="MJX-variant">∖<!-- ∖ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon O\setminus \{x_{0}\}\to \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/79477aab1f2921df52e5b8b2db9d080c7735d393.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.282ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon O\setminus \{x_{0}\}\to \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span>, die überall auf der Obermenge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle O}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>O</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle O}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9d70e1d0d87e2ef1092ea1ffe2923d9933ff18fc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.773ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle O}" loading="lazy"></span> außer an der Stelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86f21d0e31751534cd6584264ecf864a6aa792cf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.384ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> definiert ist, hat in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86f21d0e31751534cd6584264ecf864a6aa792cf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.384ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> eine Definitionslücke.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stetig_hebbare_Definitionslücke"><span id="Stetig_hebbare_Definitionsl.C3.BCcke"></span>Stetig hebbare Definitionslücke</h2></div>
<p>Sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86f21d0e31751534cd6584264ecf864a6aa792cf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.384ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> eine Definitionslücke der stetigen Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon I\setminus \{x_{0}\}\to \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo class="MJX-variant">∖<!-- ∖ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon I\setminus \{x_{0}\}\to \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8c1c8459d377efe9b1b9057e2d8ebd345cd73823.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.68ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon I\setminus \{x_{0}\}\to \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span>.
Existiert eine stetige Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}\colon I\to \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}\colon I\to \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d7d644308b2189ba28bc32ca4ef69a23fde19ffb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.197ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}\colon I\to \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x)=f(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x)=f(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7ff3ecaabbcb0950b5d8786ba3cb83e176497323.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.354ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x)=f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\in I\setminus \{x_{0}\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo class="MJX-variant">∖<!-- ∖ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\in I\setminus \{x_{0}\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1d34ce956b9a703340f4261163c7969db31dbb43.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.246ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\in I\setminus \{x_{0}\}}" loading="lazy"></span>, dann ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f6cb99679a4b79cb5ca3c242811bd91220c91f2e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.699ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}" loading="lazy"></span> eine <a href="Stetige_Fortsetzung" class="mw-redirect" title="Stetige Fortsetzung">stetige Fortsetzung</a> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span>. Die Definitionslücke wird dann <i>stetig hebbar</i> oder <i>stetig behebbar</i> und die Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> <i>stetig ergänzbar</i> oder <i>stetig fortsetzbar</i> genannt.
</p><p>Existiert der Grenzwert
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lim _{x\to x_{0}}f(x)=:r\,,}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=:</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lim _{x\to x_{0}}f(x)=:r\,,}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e71dc4699af0e66e0def83fa07145b576235ba47.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:14.988ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lim _{x\to x_{0}}f(x)=:r\,,}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>dann ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86f21d0e31751534cd6584264ecf864a6aa792cf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.384ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> eine stetig hebbare Definitionslücke von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span>. In diesem Fall wird durch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x):={\begin{cases}f(x),&x\in I\setminus \{x_{0}\}\\r,&x=x_{0}\end{cases}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>{</mo>
<mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing=".2em" columnspacing="1em" displaystyle="false">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo class="MJX-variant">∖<!-- ∖ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x):={\begin{cases}f(x),&x\in I\setminus \{x_{0}\}\\r,&x=x_{0}\end{cases}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/161d28490c3437defb0b5f30e8cf2057e41b11fd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:30.711ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x):={\begin{cases}f(x),&x\in I\setminus \{x_{0}\}\\r,&x=x_{0}\end{cases}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>eine stetige Fortsetzung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f6cb99679a4b79cb5ca3c242811bd91220c91f2e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.699ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}" loading="lazy"></span> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> ohne Definitionslücke definiert.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften_stetiger_Fortsetzungen">Eigenschaften stetiger Fortsetzungen</h2></div>
<ul><li>Wenn eine stetige Fortsetzung existiert, dann ist sie eindeutig, weil der <a href="Grenzwert_(Funktion)" title="Grenzwert (Funktion)">Grenzwert</a></li></ul>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x_{0})=\lim _{x\to x_{0} \atop x\in I}f(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac linethickness="0">
<mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>I</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x_{0})=\lim _{x\to x_{0} \atop x\in I}f(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/faae7dcc31009246bb858186580e0d08206d688c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:18.014ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x_{0})=\lim _{x\to x_{0} \atop x\in I}f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>eindeutig ist.</dd></dl>
<ul><li>Daraus folgt das Kriterium: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> ist genau dann in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86f21d0e31751534cd6584264ecf864a6aa792cf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.384ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> stetig fortsetzbar, wenn der Grenzwert <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \textstyle \lim _{x\to x_{0}}f(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \textstyle \lim _{x\to x_{0}}f(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c87a49166ffeaa79843513139be5a19bd2daa0a0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:12.622ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle \lim _{x\to x_{0}}f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> existiert.</li>
<li>Kann eine Funktion als Bruch dargestellt werden, deren Zähler- und Nennerfunktion an einer gemeinsamen Nullstelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86f21d0e31751534cd6584264ecf864a6aa792cf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.384ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> <a href="Differenzierbarkeit" title="Differenzierbarkeit">differenzierbar</a> sind, so gilt die <a href="Regel_von_de_L%E2%80%99Hospital" title="Regel von de L’Hospital">Regel von de L’Hospital</a>:
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lim _{x\to x_{0}}{\frac {u(x)}{v(x)}}=\lim _{x\to x_{0}}{\frac {u'(x)}{v'(x)}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lim _{x\to x_{0}}{\frac {u(x)}{v(x)}}=\lim _{x\to x_{0}}{\frac {u'(x)}{v'(x)}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e2c16425bfc3566bfbc8cd178670d857c033b6bb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:24.524ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lim _{x\to x_{0}}{\frac {u(x)}{v(x)}}=\lim _{x\to x_{0}}{\frac {u'(x)}{v'(x)}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></li>
<li>Eine allgemeinere Möglichkeit, um eine stetige Fortsetzung zu finden, bietet der <a href="Einschn%C3%BCrungssatz" title="Einschnürungssatz">Einschnürungssatz</a>. Er gilt auch für nicht stetige Funktionen.</li>
<li>Eine Fortsetzung ist zwar immer stetig, aber gegebenenfalls nicht differenzierbar. Die <a href="Betragsfunktion" title="Betragsfunktion">Betragsfunktion</a> ist auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} \setminus \{0\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mo class="MJX-variant">∖<!-- ∖ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} \setminus \{0\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/56420a6ebd07fed2749f2b8884cbf95087951286.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.36ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} \setminus \{0\}}" loading="lazy"></span> differenzierbar aber kann auf null nicht differenzierbar fortgesetzt werden. Selbst wenn eine Fortsetzung <a href="Glatte_Funktion" title="Glatte Funktion">glatt</a> ist, muss sie nicht <a href="Analytische_Funktion" title="Analytische Funktion">analytisch</a> sein.</li>
<li>Im Komplexen gelten aufgrund der Eigenschaften <a href="Holomorphe_Funktion" title="Holomorphe Funktion">holomorpher Funktionen</a> weitergehende Aussagen: Eine stetige Fortsetzung ist schon eine <a href="Analytische_Fortsetzung" title="Analytische Fortsetzung">analytische Fortsetzung</a>. Der <a href="Riemannscher_Hebbarkeitssatz" title="Riemannscher Hebbarkeitssatz">Riemannsche Hebbarkeitssatz</a> sagt aus, dass die Definitionslücke einer holomorphen Funktion schon hebbar ist, wenn die Funktion in einer passenden <a href="Umgebung_(Mathematik)#Punktierte_Umgebung" title="Umgebung (Mathematik)">Umgebung</a> der Definitionslücke <a href="Beschr%C3%A4nktheit" class="mw-redirect" title="Beschränktheit">beschränkt</a> ist. Im Reellen gilt keine vergleichbare Aussage; es könnte dort auch eine nicht hebbare <a href="Sprungstelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sprungstelle">Sprungstelle</a> vorliegen.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weitere_Arten_von_Definitionslücken"><span id="Weitere_Arten_von_Definitionsl.C3.BCcken"></span>Weitere Arten von Definitionslücken</h2></div>
<p>Neben den stetig hebbaren Definitionslücken gibt es noch verschiedene Arten von <a href="Sprungstelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sprungstelle">Sprungstellen</a> sowie <a href="Polstelle" title="Polstelle">Polstellen</a> und <a href="Wesentliche_Singularit%C3%A4t" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesentliche Singularität">wesentliche Singularitäten</a>. Funktionen mit solchen Definitionslücken können nicht stetig fortgesetzt werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beispiele">Beispiele</h2></div>
<ul><li>Die Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)={\tfrac {1}{x}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)={\tfrac {1}{x}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86ad8bb8ae44173f9fc433075758a1750ecf5c51.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:9.292ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)={\tfrac {1}{x}}}" loading="lazy"></span> ist in ihrem gesamten Definitionsbereich <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D=\mathbb {R} \setminus \{0\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>D</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mo class="MJX-variant">∖<!-- ∖ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D=\mathbb {R} \setminus \{0\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/94d25a59ba1ce79352996fe52170891073b897f8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.383ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D=\mathbb {R} \setminus \{0\}}" loading="lazy"></span> <a href="Stetige_Funktion" title="Stetige Funktion">stetig</a>, hat aber an der Stelle 0 eine Definitionslücke. Dies ist eine Polstelle.</li>
<li>Gegeben sei</li></ul>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon \mathbb {R} _{\geq 0}\setminus \{1\}\to \mathbb {R} ,\,x\mapsto {\frac {{\sqrt {x}}-1}{x-1}}\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo class="MJX-variant">∖<!-- ∖ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">↦<!-- ↦ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>x</mi>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon \mathbb {R} _{\geq 0}\setminus \{1\}\to \mathbb {R} ,\,x\mapsto {\frac {{\sqrt {x}}-1}{x-1}}\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2a46d11a2d4ec293c8c7a6ff495d240786ca2e16.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:32.801ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon \mathbb {R} _{\geq 0}\setminus \{1\}\to \mathbb {R} ,\,x\mapsto {\frac {{\sqrt {x}}-1}{x-1}}\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dd>Die Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> ist in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{0}=1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{0}=1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1dd9ebf815134d1288a48491ff1529f06f477112.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.645ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{0}=1}" loading="lazy"></span> stetig fortsetzbar, denn für den Grenzwert gilt</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lim _{x\to 1}{\frac {{\sqrt {x}}-1}{x-1}}=\lim _{x\to 1}{\frac {{\sqrt {x}}-1}{({\sqrt {x}}+1)({\sqrt {x}}-1)}}=\lim _{x\to 1}{\frac {1}{{\sqrt {x}}+1}}={\frac {1}{2}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>x</mi>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>x</mi>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>x</mi>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>x</mi>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>x</mi>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lim _{x\to 1}{\frac {{\sqrt {x}}-1}{x-1}}=\lim _{x\to 1}{\frac {{\sqrt {x}}-1}{({\sqrt {x}}+1)({\sqrt {x}}-1)}}=\lim _{x\to 1}{\frac {1}{{\sqrt {x}}+1}}={\frac {1}{2}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7840dd54fca04d73dbe9b1514007f3fa24278617.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:57.872ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lim _{x\to 1}{\frac {{\sqrt {x}}-1}{x-1}}=\lim _{x\to 1}{\frac {{\sqrt {x}}-1}{({\sqrt {x}}+1)({\sqrt {x}}-1)}}=\lim _{x\to 1}{\frac {1}{{\sqrt {x}}+1}}={\frac {1}{2}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dd>und somit lautet die Fortsetzung
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}\colon \mathbb {R} _{\geq 0}\to \mathbb {R} ,\,x\mapsto {\begin{cases}{\frac {{\sqrt {x}}-1}{x-1}}&,x\neq 1\\{\frac {1}{2}}&,x=1\,.\end{cases}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">↦<!-- ↦ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>{</mo>
<mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing=".2em" columnspacing="1em" displaystyle="false">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>x</mi>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}\colon \mathbb {R} _{\geq 0}\to \mathbb {R} ,\,x\mapsto {\begin{cases}{\frac {{\sqrt {x}}-1}{x-1}}&,x\neq 1\\{\frac {1}{2}}&,x=1\,.\end{cases}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5c7f582f312997e7ee47c2c241950a5da38edace.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:36.252ex; height:7.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}\colon \mathbb {R} _{\geq 0}\to \mathbb {R} ,\,x\mapsto {\begin{cases}{\frac {{\sqrt {x}}-1}{x-1}}&,x\neq 1\\{\frac {1}{2}}&,x=1\,.\end{cases}}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dd>An diesem Beispiel kann man noch bemerken, dass <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f6cb99679a4b79cb5ca3c242811bd91220c91f2e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.699ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}" loading="lazy"></span> auch ohne Fallunterscheidung geschrieben werden kann, es gilt nämlich <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x)={\tfrac {1}{{\sqrt {x}}+1}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>x</mi>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x)={\tfrac {1}{{\sqrt {x}}+1}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1b3777a72ab542de35a0f6f26060a83620b95ee0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:13.182ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x)={\tfrac {1}{{\sqrt {x}}+1}}}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\geq 0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\geq 0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a2608e2b392b079f5b763f27bf52883dbee3b64a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.591ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\geq 0}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<ul><li>In anderen Fällen kann es sein, dass die Fallunterscheidung unumgänglich ist. So hat etwa</li></ul>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g\colon \mathbb {R} \setminus \{0\}\to \mathbb {R} ,\,x\mapsto x\cdot \sin({\tfrac {1}{x}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mo class="MJX-variant">∖<!-- ∖ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">↦<!-- ↦ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g\colon \mathbb {R} \setminus \{0\}\to \mathbb {R} ,\,x\mapsto x\cdot \sin({\tfrac {1}{x}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8de464d0a1eb2e8e956828e5526e8f9da0a9b6c1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:30.617ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g\colon \mathbb {R} \setminus \{0\}\to \mathbb {R} ,\,x\mapsto x\cdot \sin({\tfrac {1}{x}})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>die stetige Fortsetzung
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {g}}\colon \mathbb {R} \to \mathbb {R} ,\,x\mapsto {\begin{cases}x\cdot \sin({\tfrac {1}{x}})&,x\neq 0\\0&,x=0\end{cases}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">↦<!-- ↦ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>{</mo>
<mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing=".2em" columnspacing="1em" displaystyle="false">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {g}}\colon \mathbb {R} \to \mathbb {R} ,\,x\mapsto {\begin{cases}x\cdot \sin({\tfrac {1}{x}})&,x\neq 0\\0&,x=0\end{cases}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8982b88ae0a78c464ccb5beaa32ce5b4f725ae3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:36.492ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {g}}\colon \mathbb {R} \to \mathbb {R} ,\,x\mapsto {\begin{cases}x\cdot \sin({\tfrac {1}{x}})&,x\neq 0\\0&,x=0\end{cases}}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gebrochenrationale_Funktionen">Gebrochenrationale Funktionen</h2></div>
<p>Eine <a href="Gebrochenrationale_Funktion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gebrochenrationale Funktion">gebrochenrationale Funktion</a> ist der Quotient
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {u(x)}{v(x)}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {u(x)}{v(x)}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c910a6361a36e5c28a762bf1672d80d34f2455e9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:12.821ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {u(x)}{v(x)}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>aus zwei <a href="Ganzrationale_Funktion" title="Ganzrationale Funktion">ganzrationalen Funktionen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>u</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3e6bb763d22c20916ed4f0bb6bd49d7470cffd8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e07b00e7fc0847fbd16391c778d65bc25c452597.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.128ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p><p>Eine gebrochenrationale Funktion hat genau dann eine Definitionslücke, wenn die rationale Funktion im Nenner eine <a href="Nullstelle" title="Nullstelle">Nullstelle</a> hat. Funktionen dieser speziellen Klasse können als Definitionslücken nur Polstellen oder stetig hebbare Definitionslücken aufweisen.
</p><p>Die Definitionslücke kann nur dann stetig hebbar sein, wenn die ganzrationalen Funktionen im Nenner und Zähler an derselben Stelle eine Nullstelle haben. Für die ganzrationalen Funktionen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>u</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3e6bb763d22c20916ed4f0bb6bd49d7470cffd8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e07b00e7fc0847fbd16391c778d65bc25c452597.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.128ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v}" loading="lazy"></span> ist das Verhalten an den Nullstellen bekannt:
</p><p>Die Nullstellen der Zähler- und Nennerfunktionen lassen sich ausfaktorisieren. Wenn also <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b1e5ff65a28eed29d36ddae9c6ae3b596fd14370.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.469ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b371a381e15c71d8fc4ec43cf14b156f02a0d35a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.267ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> an der Stelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86f21d0e31751534cd6584264ecf864a6aa792cf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.384ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> eine Nullstelle haben, so ist immer
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u(x)=(x-x_{0})^{N_{u}}\;s(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>u</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u(x)=(x-x_{0})^{N_{u}}\;s(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ce8e36e2729870731b1f8757755d1fb4ae96be3c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.284ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u(x)=(x-x_{0})^{N_{u}}\;s(x)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v(x)=(x-x_{0})^{N_{v}}\;t(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>v</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v(x)=(x-x_{0})^{N_{v}}\;t(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a3c4df5287438fb74365846bfcc76d1df1e2e24c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.716ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v(x)=(x-x_{0})^{N_{v}}\;t(x)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>wobei
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s(x_{0})\neq 0\land t(x_{0})\neq 0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s(x_{0})\neq 0\land t(x_{0})\neq 0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3b625889ac21c30f00a9a3bb519e4832daa4ce5d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.421ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s(x_{0})\neq 0\land t(x_{0})\neq 0}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Die <a href="Nat%C3%BCrliche_Zahl" title="Natürliche Zahl">natürlichen Zahlen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N_{u}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>u</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N_{u}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d73a2c58c0ef96f8d3052f27c743edbda96ae7d6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.039ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N_{u}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N_{v}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>v</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N_{v}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d341009b025e69043774c87140730ad5645ea4f1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.896ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N_{v}}" loading="lazy"></span> bezeichnet man auch als die Ordnung (oder Vielfachheit) der jeweiligen Nullstelle.
</p><p>Offensichtlich kann man die gemeinsamen Faktoren der Nullstellen (zumindest für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\neq x_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\neq x_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/59cd73ce908e9de3a7b84ffb2ef92312d8b01e91.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.812ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\neq x_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span>) kürzen. Das Ergebnis der Kürzung ist der einzige Kandidat für eine stetige Fortsetzung nach <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86f21d0e31751534cd6584264ecf864a6aa792cf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.384ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p>
<ul><li>Wenn <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N_{u}>N_{v}>0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>u</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>></mo>
<msub>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>v</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N_{u}>N_{v}>0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6d357a40ac8c922cb3f1e2cb15f4392bf3301b5a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.294ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N_{u}>N_{v}>0}" loading="lazy"></span>, dann liegt eine stetig behebbare Definitionslücke vor, wobei der Grenzwert durch 0 gegeben ist.</li>
<li>Wenn <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N_{u}=N_{v}>0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>u</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>v</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N_{u}=N_{v}>0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/da7a49d1ea5548e67cd7acf6fbd3d85e77104a22.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.294ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N_{u}=N_{v}>0}" loading="lazy"></span>, dann liegt eine stetig behebbare Definitionslücke vor, wobei der Grenzwert durch <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s(x_{0})/t(x_{0})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s(x_{0})/t(x_{0})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e25c55fde60be3b1c625a7843cbb263183782dda.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.479ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s(x_{0})/t(x_{0})}" loading="lazy"></span> gegeben ist.</li>
<li>Wenn <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N_{u}<N_{v}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>u</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo><</mo>
<msub>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>v</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N_{u}<N_{v}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/19aef20925e4faf81483c21d31f25af29d5d0ad7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.033ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N_{u}<N_{v}}" loading="lazy"></span>, dann liegt eine Polstelle vor.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beispiel">Beispiel</h3></div>
<p>Die Funktion
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {x^{3}+4x^{2}+5x+2}{x^{3}+x^{2}-x-1}}={\frac {(x+1)^{2}(x+2)}{(x+1)^{2}(x-1)}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>5</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {x^{3}+4x^{2}+5x+2}{x^{3}+x^{2}-x-1}}={\frac {(x+1)^{2}(x+2)}{(x+1)^{2}(x-1)}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5e7cbc1fa261dc31f7d0daf178d0841b64be4bdf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:45.731ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {x^{3}+4x^{2}+5x+2}{x^{3}+x^{2}-x-1}}={\frac {(x+1)^{2}(x+2)}{(x+1)^{2}(x-1)}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>hat für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=-1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=-1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4fefa55268918f98da2e0dcc19ea86d78f84ac56.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:7.399ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=-1}" loading="lazy"></span> eine Lücke, die sich durch Kürzen mit dem Wert <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (x+1)^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (x+1)^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/29e98be23926b1484d39e456f7629dc26a13179d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.196ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (x+1)^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> beheben lässt, wodurch sich die Funktion
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x)={\frac {x+2}{x-1}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x)={\frac {x+2}{x-1}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3f69577158d5e7a6cd29ef85b5e12ebefb61b5f1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:14.105ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x)={\frac {x+2}{x-1}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>als auch bei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=-1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=-1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4fefa55268918f98da2e0dcc19ea86d78f84ac56.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:7.399ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=-1}" loading="lazy"></span> stetige Fortsetzung ergibt. Es ist wohlgemerkt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f6cb99679a4b79cb5ca3c242811bd91220c91f2e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.699ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}" loading="lazy"></span> ebenso wie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=+1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=+1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3271035bbeefebfdf0daa52104fbcfae563198ef.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:7.399ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=+1}" loading="lazy"></span> undefiniert, dort liegt eine Polstelle vor.
</p><p>Ein Beispiel, um die Unterscheidung zwischen einer Polstelle und einer behebbaren Definitionslücke zu veranschaulichen.
Die Funktion
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {x-1}{x^{2}-2x+1}}={\frac {(x-1)}{(x-1)^{2}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {x-1}{x^{2}-2x+1}}={\frac {(x-1)}{(x-1)^{2}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/30cb4d8b7377d320a4ada219f2c18bbcfc31c62d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:32.202ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {x-1}{x^{2}-2x+1}}={\frac {(x-1)}{(x-1)^{2}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>hat für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=+1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=+1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3271035bbeefebfdf0daa52104fbcfae563198ef.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:7.399ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=+1}" loading="lazy"></span> eine Definitionslücke, die durch Kürzen mit dem Wert <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (x-1)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (x-1)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/94c34249c90218860e305146c894d2c0a0b2b662.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.142ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (x-1)}" loading="lazy"></span> auf die Funktion
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x)={\frac {1}{x-1}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x)={\frac {1}{x-1}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9f2d15fd10c26e46567abe4e8fa9794c0d0cf17d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:14.105ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(x)={\frac {1}{x-1}}}" loading="lazy"></span> führt.</dd></dl>
<p>Da <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f6cb99679a4b79cb5ca3c242811bd91220c91f2e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.699ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}" loading="lazy"></span> ebenso wie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=+1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=+1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3271035bbeefebfdf0daa52104fbcfae563198ef.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:7.399ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=+1}" loading="lazy"></span> undefiniert ist, wurde die Lücke durch das Kürzen nicht behoben.
Daher liegt bei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=+1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=+1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3271035bbeefebfdf0daa52104fbcfae563198ef.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:7.399ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=+1}" loading="lazy"></span> eine Polstelle und keine behebbare Definitionslücke vor.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Unstetigkeitsstelle" title="Unstetigkeitsstelle">Unstetigkeitsstelle</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">vgl. <a href="Harald_Scheid" title="Harald Scheid">Harald Scheid</a>/Wolfgang Schwarz: <cite style="font-style:italic">Elemente der linearen Algebra und der Analysis</cite>. Spektrum, Akad. Verl., Heidelberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-8274-1971-2, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>237</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Definitionsl%C3%BCcke&rft.au=Harald+Scheid%2FWolfgang+Schwarz&rft.btitle=Elemente+der+linearen+Algebra+und+der+Analysis&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783827419712&rft.pages=237&rft.place=Heidelberg&rft.pub=Spektrum%2C+Akad.+Verl." style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
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